INTRODUCTION

Preface

At the FIP General Assembly held on 15 September 2003 in Chantilly, France, FIP accepted the World Anti-Doping Code (the “Code”). These Anti-Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in conformance with FIP’s responsibilities under the Code, and are in furtherance of FIP’s continuing efforts to eradicate doping in the sport of polo.

Anti-Doping Rules, like Competition rules, are sport rules governing the conditions under which sport is played. Athletes accept these rules as a condition of participation. Anti-Doping Rules are not intended to be subject to or limited by the requirements and legal standards applicable to criminal proceedings or employment matters. The policies and minimum standards set forth in the Code and implemented in these Anti-Doping Rules represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders with an interest in fair sport and should be respected by all courts and adjudicating bodies.

Fundamental Rationale for the Code and FIP’s Anti-Doping Rules

Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport. This intrinsic value is often referred to as “the spirit of sport”; it is the essence of Olympism; it is how we play true. The spirit of sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is characterized by the following values:

• Ethics, fair play and honesty
• Health
• Excellence in performance
• Character and education
• Fun and joy
• Teamwork
• Dedication and commitment
• Respect for rules and laws
• Respect for self and other participants
• Courage
• Community and solidarity
• Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.

Scope

These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to FIP, each National Association of FIP, and each Participant in the activities of FIP or any of its National Association by virtue of the Participant’s membership, accreditation, or participation in FIP, its National Association, or their activities or events. Any participant who is not a member of a Full Member national association and who fulfills the requirements to be part of the FIP Registered Testing Pool, must become a member of the Person’s national association, and must make himself or herself available for Testing, at least three months before participating in International Events or events of his/her National Association.
To be eligible for participation in FIP events, a participant must be a member or registered with his or her national association. All Participants must personally sign the FIP World Anti-Doping Agency Acknowledgement and Agreement Form (Appendix 1). All forms from under-age applicants must be counter-signed by their legal guardians.
The National Association must guarantee that all athletes registered accept the Rules of the FIP, including these FIP Anti-Doping Rules compiled in accordance with the World Anti-Doping Code.
It is the responsibility of each National Association to ensure that all national-level testing on the National Association’s Athletes complies with these Anti-Doping Rules. In some cases, the National Association itself will be conducting the Doping Control described in these Anti-Doping Rules. In other countries, many of the Doping Control responsibilities of the National Association have been delegated or assigned by statute to a National Anti-Doping Organization. In those countries, references in these Anti-Doping Rules to the National Association shall apply, as applicable, to the National Association’s National Anti-Doping Organization.
These Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to all Doping Controls over which FIP and its National Associations have jurisdiction.

ARTICLE 1: DEFINITION OF DOPING

Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in ARTICLE 2: of these Anti-Doping Rules.

ARTICLE 2: ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS

The following constitute anti-doping rule violations:

2.1 The presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an                 Athlete’s Bodily specimen.
2.1.1 It is each Athlete’s personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance                 enters his or her body. Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its         Metabolites or Markers found to be present in their bodily Specimens. Accordingly, it         is not necessary that intent, fault, negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part         be demonstrated in order to establish an anti-doping violation under Article
2.1 2.1.2 Excepting those substances for which a quantitative reporting threshold is         specifically identified in the Prohibited List, the detected presence of any quantity of a         prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample shall                 constitute an anti-doping rule violation.
2.1.3 As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, the Prohibited List may                 establish special criteria for the evaluation of Prohibited Substances that can also be         produced endogenously.

2.2 Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method
2.2.1 The success or failure of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited                 Method is not material. It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited             Method was Used or Attempted to be Used for an anti-doping rule violation to be             committed
2.3 Refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to Sample collection         after notification as authorized in these Anti-Doping Rules or otherwise evading Sample    collection.
2.4 Violation of the requirements regarding Athlete availability for Out-of-Competition         Testing including failure to provide required whereabouts information set forth in Article     5.5 (Athlete whereabouts requirements) and missed tests which are declared based on     reasonable rules.
2.5 Tampering, or Attempting to tamper, with any part of Doping Control.
2.6 Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods
2.6.1 Possession by an Athlete at any time or place of a substance that is prohibited         in Out-of-Competition Testing or a Prohibited Method unless the Athlete establishes         that the Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption granted in                     accordance with Article 4.4 (Therapeutic Use) or other acceptable justification.
2.6.2 Possession of a Prohibited Substance that is prohibited in Out-of-Competition         Testing or a Prohibited Method by Athlete Support Personnel in connection with an             Athlete, Event or training, unless the Athlete Support Personnel establishes that the         Possession is pursuant to a therapeutic use exemption granted to an Athlete in                 accordance with Article 4.4 (Therapeutic Use) or other acceptable justification.
2.7 Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
2.8 Administration or Attempted administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited     Method to any Athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any     other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any Attempted                 violation.
ARTICLE 3: PROOF OF DOPING

3.1 Burdens and Standards of Proof
FIP and its National Associations shall have the burden of establishing that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred. The standard of proof shall be whether FIP or its National Association has established an anti-doping rule violation to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing body bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegation which is made. This standard of proof in all cases is greater than a mere balance of probability but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Where these Rules place the burden of proof upon the Athlete alleged to have committed an anti-doping rule violation to rebut a presumption or establish specified facts or circumstances, the standard of proof shall be by a balance of probability.

3.2 Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions
Facts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any reliable means, including admissions. The following rules of proof shall be applicable in doping cases:

3.2.1 WADA-accredited laboratories are presumed to have conducted Sample analysis     and custodial procedures in accordance with the International Standard for laboratory     analysis. The Athlete may rebut this presumption by establishing that a departure from     the International Standard occurred. If the Athlete rebuts the preceding presumption         by Showing that a departure from the International Standard occurred, then FIP or its     National Association shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not         cause the Adverse Analytical Finding

3.2.2 Departures from the International Standard for Testing which did not cause an         Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation shall not invalidate such         results. If the Athlete establishes that departures from the International Standard             occurred during Testing then FIP or its National Association shall have the burden to         establish that such departures did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the             factual basis for the anti-doping rule violation.

ARTICLE 4: THE PROHIBITED LIST

4.1 Incorporation of the Prohibited List
These Anti-Doping Rules incorporate the Prohibited List which is published and revised by WADA as described in Article 4.1 of the Code. FIP will make the current Prohibited List available to each National Association, and each National Association shall ensure that the current Prohibited List is available to its members and constituents. A current list can always be found on the WADA website at www.wada.ama.org

4.2 Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Identified on the Prohibited List
Unless provided otherwise in the Prohibited List and/or a revision, the Prohibited List and revisions shall go into effect under these Anti-Doping Rules three months after publication of the Prohibited List by WADA without requiring any further action by FIP. As described in Article 4.2 of the Code, FIP may upon the recommendation of its Anti-Doping Advisor request that WADA expand the Prohibited List for the sport of polo. FIP may also, upon the recommendation of its Anti-Doping Advisor request that WADA include additional substances or methods, which have the potential for abuse in the sport of polo, in the monitoring program described in Article 4.5 of the Code. As provided in the Code, WADA shall make the final decision on such requests by FIP.

4.3 Criteria for Including Substances and Methods on the Prohibited List
As provided in Article 4.4.3 of the Code, WADA’s determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods that will be included on the Prohibited List shall be final and shall not be subject to challenge by an Athlete.

4.4 Therapeutic Use

4.4.1 Athletes with a documented medical condition requiring the use of a Prohibited         Substance or a Prohibited Method must first obtain a Therapeutic Use Exemption             (”TUE”)
4.4.2 Athletes included by FIP in its Registered Testing Pool and other Athletes prior to     their participation in any International Event must obtain a TUE from FIP (regardless of     whether the Athlete previously has received a TUE at the national level). TUE’s granted     by FIP shall be reported to the Athlete’s National Association and to WADA. Other             Athletes subject to Testing may obtain a TUE from their National Anti-Doping                 Organization or other body designated by their National Association. National                 Associations shall promptly report any such TUE’s to FIP and WADA
4.4.3 The FIP Council shall appoint a Committee to consider requests for TUE’s (the         “TUE Committee”). Upon FIP’s receipt of a TUE request, the Chair of the TUE                     Committee shall appoint one or more members of the TUE Committee (which may             include the Chair) to consider such request. The TUE Committee member(s) so                 designated shall promptly evaluate such request in accordance with the International         Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions and render a decision on such request,             which shall be the final decision of FIP.
4.4.3.1 International Level Athletes who are included in the FIP’s Registered Testing         Pool, should apply to FIP for the TUE at the same time the Athlete first provides             whereabouts information to the FIP and, except in emergency situations, no later             than 21 days before the Athlete’s participation at an International Event.
4.4.3.2 Athletes participating in International Events who are not included in the FIP         Registered Testing Pool must, except in emergency situations, request a TUE form             FIP no later than 21 days before the Athlete’s participation at an International Event.     4.4.4 WADA at the request of an Athlete or on its own initiation may review the                 granting or denial of any TUE to an International Level Athlete or a national level             Athlete That is included in a Registered Testing Pool. If WADA determines that the             granting or denial of a TUE did not comply with the International Standard for                 Therapeutic Use Exemptions in force at the time then WADA may reverse that decision.     Decisions on TUE’s are subject to further appeal as provided in Article 13
Federation of International Polo
Chateau de Saint Firmin
60500, Vineuil, France
Email: fippolo1@msn.comFIP Physician
Email: RTCDOSC@aol.com (Dr. Richard Caleel)

ARTICLE 5: TESTING

5.1 Authority to Test
All Athletes affiliated with a National Association shall be subject to In-Competition Testing by FIP, the Athlete’s National Association, and any other Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Testing at a Competition or Event in which they participate. All Athletes affiliated with a National Association shall also be subject to Out-of-Competition Testing at any time or place, with or without advance notice, by FIP, WADA, the Athlete’s National Association, the National Anti-Doping Organization of any country where the Athlete is present, the IOC during the Olympic Games, and the IPC during Paralympic Games.

5.2 Responsibility for FIP Testing
The FIP Anti-Doping Committee shall be responsible for overseeing all Testing conducted by FIP. Testing may be conducted by members of the FIP Anti-Doping Committee or by other qualified persons so authorized by FIP.

5.3 Testing Standards Testing conducted by FIP and its National Associations shall be in substantial conformity with the International Standard for Testing in force at the time of Testing.
5.3.1 Blood (or other non-urine) Samples may be used either to detect Prohibited             Substances or Prohibited Methods or for screening procedure purposes only. If the         blood is collected for screening only, it will have no other consequences for the Athlete     other than to identify him/her for a urine test under these anti-doping rules. In these         circumstances, the FIP may decide at its own discretion which blood parameters are to     be measured in the screening Sample and what levels of those parameters will be used     to indicate that an Athlete should be selected for a urine test.
5.4 Coordination of Testing FIP and National Associations shall promptly report completed tests through the WADA clearinghouse to avoid unnecessary duplication in Testing.

5.5 Athlete Whereabouts Requirement
5.5.1 All players listed on the Tournament Entry Form shall be included in the                 Registered Testing Pool and are required to provide up-to-date whereabouts                     information to FIP. Each Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool shall file Whereabouts         reports supplied by FIP no later than 60-days prior to the start of any International         tournament. The player must list all locations and times where the Athlete will be             residing, training and competing. Athletes shall update this information as necessary so     that it is current at all times. The ultimate responsibility for providing whereabouts             information rests with each Athlete, however, it shall be the responsibility of each             National Association to use its best efforts to assist FIP in obtaining whereabouts             information as requested by FIP.
5.5.2 Any Athlete in the FIP Registered Testing Pool who is unavailable for Testing on         three attempts shall be considered to have committed an anti-doping rule violation             pursuant to Article 2.4. For each attempt, the Doping Control Officer shall visit all             locations during the times specified by the Athlete for that date and shall stay two             hours at each location. Notification shall be sent to the Athlete between each attempt         which is to be counted as an unavailable test.
5.5.3 Any Athlete in the FIP Registered Testing Pool who fails to timely submit a                 required whereabouts report after receipt of two formal written warnings from FIP or a     National Association to do so shall be considered to have committed an anti-doping         rule violation pursuant to Article2.4.
5.5.4 Whereabouts information provided pursuant to Articles 5.5.1 shall be shared         with WADA and other Anti-Doping Organizations having jurisdiction to test an Athlete     on the strict condition that it be used only for Doping Control purposes.

5.6 Selection of Athletes to be Tested
5.6.1 At International Events, the FIP Anti-Doping Committee shall determine the              number of finishing placement tests, random tests and target tests to be performed.             5.6.1.1 One Athlete selected at random from each of the top two finishing teams,             plus one Athlete selected at random from a randomly-selected team outside the top         two finishing teams.
5.6.2 In addition to the selection procedures set forth in Article 5.7 , the Anti-Doping         Committee at International Events, may also select Athletes or teams for Target Testing     so long as such Target Testing is not used for any purpose other than legitimate             Doping Control purposes.
5.6.3 Athletes shall be selected for Out-of-Competition Testing by the FIP Anti-Doping     Committee and by National Associations through a process that substantially complies     with the International Standard for Testing in force at the time of selection.

5.7 Selection of Athletes to be Tested
5.7.1 At International Events, the FIP Anti-Doping Committee shall determine the             number of finishing placement tests, random test, and target tests to be performed.         5.7.2 The FIP Anti-Doping Committee shall target a certain number of athletes not             necessarily linked to final placements in order to maximize the diversity of athletes             tested or based on information provided by the WADA Clearinghouse on previous             tests.
5.7.3 The FIP Anti-Doping Committee at International Events may also select Athletes     or teams for Target Testing so long as such Target Testing is not used for any                 purpose other than legitimate Doping Control purposes.
5.7.4 Athletes shall be selected for Out-of-Competition Testing by the FIP Anti-Doping     Administrator and by National Associations through a process that substantially             complies with the International Standard for Testing in force at the time of selection.

ARTICLE 6: ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES

Doping Control Samples collected under these Anti-Doping Rules shall be analyzed in accordance with the following principles:

6.1 Use of Approved Laboratories FIP shall send Doping Control Samples for analysis only to WADA-accredited laboratories or as otherwise approved by WADA. The choice of the WADA-accredited laboratory (or other method approved by WADA) used for the Sample analysis shall be determined exclusively by FIP.

6.2 Substance Subject to Detection Doping Control Samples shall be analyzed to detect Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods identified on the Prohibited List and other substances as may be directed by WADA pursuant to the Monitoring Program described in Article 4.5 of the Code.

6.3 Research on Samples No Sample may be used for any purpose other than the detection of substances (or classes of substances) or methods on the Prohibited List, or as otherwise identified by WADA pursuant to its Monitoring Program, without the Athlete’s written consent.

6.4 Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting Laboratories shall analyze Doping Control Samples and report results in conformity with the International Standard for Laboratory Analysis.

ARTICLE 7: RESULTS MANAGEMENT

7.1 Results Management for Tests Initiated by FIP Results management for Tests initiated by FIP (including Tests performed by WADA pursuant to agreement with FIP) shall proceed as set forth below:
7.1.1 The results from all analyses must be sent to FIP in encoded form, in a report         signed by an authorized representative of the laboratory. All communication must be         conducted in such a way that the results of the analyses are confidential.
7.1.2 Upon receipt of an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding, the FIP Anti-Doping             Administrator shall conduct a review to determine whether: (a) an applicable                     therapeutic use exemption has been granted, or (b) there is any apparent departure         from the International Standards for Testing or Laboratory Analysis that undermines         the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding.
7.1.3 If the initial review under Article 7.1.2 does not reveal an applicable therapeutic         use exemption or departure from the International Standard for Testing or the                 International Standard for laboratory analysis in force at the time of Testing or analysis     that undermines the validity of the Adverse Analytical Finding, FIP shall promptly notify     the Athlete of: (a) the Adverse Analytical Finding; (b) the anti-doping rule violated, or,     in a case under Articles 7.1.8 or 7.1.9, a description of the additional investigation that     will be conducted as to whether there is an anti-doping rule violation; (c) the Athlete’s        right to promptly request the analysis of the B Sample or, failing such request, that         the B Sample analysis may be deemed waived; (d) the right of the Athlete and/or the         Athlete’s representative to attend the B Sample opening and analysis if such analysis is     requested; and (e) the Athlete’s right to request copies of the A and B Sample                 laboratory documentation package which includes information as required by the             International Standard for Laboratory Analysis.
7.1.4 Arrangements shall be made for Testing the B Sample within three weeks of the     notification described in Article 7.1.3. An Athlete may accept the A Sample analytical         results by waiving the requirement for B Sample analysis. FIP may nonetheless elect to     proceed with the B Sample analysis.
7.1.5 The Athlete and/or his representative shall be allowed to be present at the             analysis of the B Sample. Also a representative of the Athlete’s National Association as     well as a representative of FIP shall be allowed to be present.
7.1.6 If the B Sample proves negative, the entire test shall be considered negative and     the Athlete, his National Association, and FIP shall be so informed.
7.1.7 If a Prohibited Substance or the Use of a Prohibited Method is identified, the             findings shall be reported to the Athlete, his National Association, FIP, and to WADA.         7.1.8 The FIP Anti-Doping Administrator shall conduct any follow-up investigation as         may be required by the Prohibited List. Upon completion of such follow-up                         investigation,FIP shall promptly notify the Athlete regarding the results of the follow-up     investigation and whether or not FIP asserts that an anti-doping rule was violated.             7.1.9 For apparent anti-doping rule violations that do not involve Adverse Analytical         Findings, FIP shall conduct any necessary follow-up investigation and shall then                 promptly notify the Athlete of the anti-doping rule which appears to have been                 violated, and the basis of the violation.

7.2 Results Management for Tests Initiated During Other International Events

Results management and the conduct of hearings from a test by the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, or a Major Event Organization, shall be managed, as far as sanctions beyond Disqualification from the Event or the results of the Event, by FIP.

7.3 Results Management for Tests

initiated by National Associations Results management conducted by National Associations shall be consistent with the general principles for effective and fair results management which underlie the detailed provisions set forth in Article 7.1. Results of all Doping Controls shall be reported to FIP within 14 days of the conclusion of the National Association’s results management process. Any apparent anti-doping rule violation by an Athlete who is a member of that National Association shall be promptly referred to an appropriate hearing Committee established pursuant to the rules of the National Association or national law. Apparent anti-doping rule violations by Athletes who are members of another National Association shall be referred to the Athlete’s National Association for hearing.

7.4 Provisional Suspensions

The FIP Council, after consultation with the FIP Anti-Doping Administrator, may Provisionally Suspend an Athlete prior to the opportunity for a full hearing based on an Adverse Analytical Finding from the Athlete’s A Sample or A and B Samples and the review described in Article7.1. If a Provisional Suspension is imposed, either the hearing in accordance with Article 8 shall be advanced to a date which avoids substantial prejudice to the Athlete, or the Athlete shall be given an opportunity for a Provisional Hearing before imposition of the Provisional Suspension or on a timely basis after imposition of the Provisional Suspension. National Associations may impose Provisional Suspensions in accordance with the principles set forth in this Article 7.3.

ARTICLE 8: RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING

8.1 Hearing arising out of FIP Testing or Tests at International Events

8.1.1 When it appears, following the results management process described in                 ARTICLE 7:, that these Anti-Doping Rule have been violated, the Athlete involved shall     be brought before a disciplinary Committee of FIP for a hearing to adjudicate whether a     violation of these Anti-Doping Rules occurred and if so what consequences should be         imposed.
8.1.2 The President of FIP shall appoint a Committee consisting of a Chair and two             other members (“FIP Doping Hearing Committee�). The Chair shall be a lawyer.
8.1.3 The hearing process shall respect the following principles.

• a timely hearing;
• fair and impartial hearing body;
• the right to be represented by counsel at the Athlete’s own expense
• the right to be fairly and timely informed of the asserted anti-doping rule violation;
• the right to respond to the asserted anti-doping rule violation and resulting                    consequences;
• The right of each party to present evidence, including the right to call and question            witnesses (subject to the hearing body’s discretion to accept testimony by                        telephone or written submission);
• The Athlete’s right to an interpreter at the hearing, with the Doping Committee to            determine the identity, and responsibility for the cost of the interpreter; and
• a timely, written, reasoned decision.

8.1.4 The National Association of the Athlete alleged to have violated these                     Anti-Doping Rules may attend the hearing as an observer
8.1.5 FIP shall keep WADA fully apprised as to the status of pending cases and the         result of all hearings.
8.1.6 An Athlete may forego a hearing by acknowledging the Anti-Doping Rule violation     and accepting Consequences consistent with ARTICLE 9: and ARTICLE 10:as proposed     by FIP.
8.1.7 Decisions of the FIP Doping Hearing Committee may be appealed to Court of             Arbitration for Sport as provided in Article 13.

ARTICLE 9: AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS

A violation of these Anti-Doping Rules in connection with an In-Competition test automatically leads to Disqualification of the individual result obtained in that Competition with all resulting consequences, including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes.

ARTICLE 10: SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS

10.1 Disqualification of Results in Event During which an Anti-Doping Rule Violation Occurs
An Anti-Doping Rule violation occurring during or in connection with an Event may lead to Disqualification of all of the Athlete’s individual results obtained in that Event with all consequences, including forfeiture of all medals, points and prizes, except as provided in Article 10.1.1.
10.1.1 If the Athlete establishes that he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for the         violation, the Athlete’s individual results in the other Competition shall not be                 Disqualified unless the Athlete’s results in Competition other than the Competition in         which the anti-doping rule violation occurred were likely to have been affected by the         Athlete’s anti-doping rule violation
10.2 Imposition of Ineligibility for Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods
Except for the specified substances identified in Article 10.3, the period of Ineligibility imposed for a violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers), Article 2.2 (Use or Attempted Use of Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method) and Article 2.6 (Possession of Prohibited Substances and Methods) shall be:
First violation: Two (2) years’ Ineligibility.
Second violation: Lifetime Ineligibility.
However, the Athlete shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Ineligibility is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing this sanction as provided in Article 10.5.

10.3 Specified Substances
The Prohibited List may identify specified substances which are particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rules violations because of their general availability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be successfully abused as doping agents. Where an Athlete can establish that the Use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance, the period of Ineligibility found in Article 10.2 shall be replaced with the following:

First violation: At a minimum, a warning and reprimand and no period of Ineligibility from future Events, and at a maximum, one (1) year’s Ineligibility.

Second violation: Two (2) years’ Ineligibility.

Third violation: Lifetime Ineligibility.

However, the Athlete shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Ineligibility is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing (in the case of a second or third violation) this sanction as provided in Article 10.5.

10.4 Ineligibility for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations The period of Ineligibility for other violations of these Anti-Doping Rules shall be:
10.4.1 For violations of Article 2.3 (refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection) or     Article 2.5 (Tampering with Doping Control), the Ineligibility periods set forth in Article     10.2 shall apply.
10.4.2 For violations of Article 2.7 (Trafficking) or Article 2.8 (administration of                 Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method), the period of Ineligibility imposed shall be     a minimum of four (4) years up to lifetime Ineligibility. An anti-doping rule violation             involving a Minor shall be considered a particularly serious violation, and, if committed by     Athlete Support Personnel for violations other than specified substances referenced in     Article 10.3, shall result in lifetime Ineligibility for such Athlete Support Personnel. In         addition, violations of such Articles which also violate non-sporting laws and regulations     may be reported to the competent administrative, professional or judicial authorities.         10.4.3 For violations of Article 2.4 (Wheareabouts Violations or Missed Tests) the             period for Ineligibility shall be:
First violation: Three (3) months to one (1) year Ineligibility.

Second and subsequent violations: Two (2) years’ Ineligibility.

10.5 Elimination or Reduction of Period of Ineligibility Based on Exceptional Circumstances
10.5.1 If the Athlete establishes in an individual case involving an anti-doping rule             violation under Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or             Markers) or Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.2 that     he or she bears No Fault or Negligence for the violation, the otherwise applicable period     of Ineligibility shall be eliminated. When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or                 Metabolites is detected in an Athlete’s Specimen in violation of Article 2.1 (presence of     Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance         entered his or her system in order to have the period of Ineligibility eliminated. In the         event this Article is applied and the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable is                 eliminated, the anti-doping rule violation shall not be considered a violation for the             limited purpose of determining the period of Ineligibility for multiple violations under         Article 10.2, 10.3 and 10.6.
10.5.2 This Article 10.5.2 applies only to anti-doping rule violations involving Article 2.1     (presence of Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers), Use of a Prohibited         Substance or Prohibited Method under Article 2.2, failing to submit to Sample collection     under Article 2.3, or administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method         under Article 2.8. If an Athlete establishes in an individual case involving such violations     that he or she bears No Significant Fault or Negligence, then the period of Ineligibility         may be reduced, but the reduced period of Ineligibility may not be less than one-half of     the minimum period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period     of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under this section may be no less than 8     years. When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is detected in an             Athlete’s Specimen in violation of Article 2.1 (presence of Prohibited Substance), the         Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered his or her system in     order to have the period of Ineligibility reduced.
10.5.3 The FIP President may also reduce the period of Ineligibility in an individual case     where the Athlete has provided substantial assistance to FIP which results in FIP             discovering or establishing an anti-doping rule violation by another Person involving         Possession under Article 2.6.2 (Possession by Athlete Support Personnel), Article 2.7         (Trafficking), or Article 2.8 (administration to an Athlete). The reduced period of                 Ineligibility may not, however, be less than one-half of the minimum period of Ineligibility     otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the         reduced period under this Article may be no less than 8 years

10.6 Rules for Certain Potential Multiple Violations
10.6.1 For purposes of imposing sanctions under Article 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4, a second     anti-doping rule violation may be considered for purposes of imposing sanctions only if     the FIP (or its National Association) can establish that the Athlete committed the             second anti-doping rule violation after the Athlete received notice, or after FIP (or its         National Association) made a reasonable attempt to give notice, of the first anti-doping     rule violation; If the FIP (or its National Association) cannot establish this, the violations     shall be considered as one single first violation, and the sanction imposed shall be             based on the violation that carries the more severe sanction.
10.6.2 Where an Athlete, based on the same Doping Control, is found to have                 committed an anti-doping rule violation involving both a specified substance under             Article 10.3 and another Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, the Athlete shall         be considered to have committed a single anti-doping rule violation, but the sanction         imposed shall be based on the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method that carries     the most severe sanction.
10.6.3 Where an Athlete is found to have committed two separate anti-doping rule         violations, one involving a specified substance governed by the sanctions set forth in         Article 10.3 (specified substances) and the other involving a Prohibited Substance or         Prohibited Method governed by the sanctions set forth in Article 10.2 or a violation         governed by the sanctions in Article 10.4.1, the period of Ineligibility imposed for the         second offense shall be at a minimum two years’ Ineligibility and at a maximum three         years’ Ineligibility. Any Athlete found to have committed a third anti-doping rule                 violation involving any combination of specified substances under Article 10.3 and any     other anti-doping rule violation under Article 10.2 or 10.4.1 shall receive a sanction of     lifetime Ineligibility.

10.7 Disqualification of Results in Competitions Subsequent to Sample Collection
In addition to the automatic Disqualification of the results in the Competition which produced the positive Sample under Article 9 (Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results), all other competitive results obtained from the date a positive Sample was collected (whether In-Competition or Out-of-Competition), or other doping violation occurred, through the commencement of any Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility period, shall, unless fairness requires otherwise, be Disqualified with all of the resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes.

10.8 Commencement of Ineligibility Period
The period of Ineligibility shall start on the date of the hearing decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the hearing is waived, on the date Ineligibility is accepted or otherwise imposed. Any period of Provisional Suspension (whether imposed or voluntarily accepted) shall be credited against the total period of Ineligibility to be served. Where required by fairness, such as delays in the hearing process or other aspects of Doping Control not attributable to the Athlete, the FIP or Anti-Doping Organization imposing the sanction may start the period of Ineligibility at an earlier date commencing as early as the date of Sample collection.

10.9 Status During Ineligibility
No Person who has been declared Ineligible may, during the period of Ineligibility, participate in any capacity in an Event or activity (other than authorized anti-doping education or rehabilitation programs) authorized or organized by FIP or any National Association. In addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving specified substances described in Article 10.3, some or all sport-related financial support or other sport-related benefits received by such Person will be withheld by FIP and its National Associations.

10.10 Reinstatement Testing
As a condition to regaining eligibility at the end of a specified period of Ineligibility, an Athlete must, during any period of Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility, make him or herself available for Out-of-Competition Testing by FIP, the applicable National Association, and any other Anti-Doping Organization having Testing jurisdiction, and must provide current and accurate whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5. If an Athlete subject to a period of Ineligibility retires from sport and is removed from Out-of-Competition Testing pools and later seeks reinstatement, the Athlete shall not be eligible for reinstatement until the Athlete has notified FIP and the applicable National Association and has been subject to Out-of-Competition Testing for a period of time equal to the longer of the period set forth in Article 5.6 or the period of Ineligibility remaining as of the date the Athlete had retired.

ARTICLE 11: CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS

11.1 Where more than one team member in a Team Sport has been notified of a possible Anti-Doping Rule violation under Article 7 in connection with an Event, the Team shall be subject to Target Testing for the Event. If more than one team member in a Team Sport is found to have committed an Anti-Doping Rule violation during the Event, the team may be subject to Disqualification or other disciplinary action.

ARTICLE 12: SANCTIONS AND COSTS ASSESSED AGAINST NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

12.1 The FIP President has the authority to withhold some or all funding or other non financial support to National Associations that are not in compliance with these Anti-Doping Rules.

12.2 National Associations may be obligated to reimburse FIP for all costs (including but not limited to laboratory fees, hearing expenses and travel) related to a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules committed by an Athlete affiliated with that National Association.

12.3 FIP may elect to take additional disciplinary action against National Associations with respect to recognition, the eligibility of its officials and athletes to participate in International Events and fines based on the following:
12.3.1 Two or more violations of these Anti-Doping Rules (other than violations             involving Articles 2.4 and 10.3) are committed by Athletes affiliated with a National             Association within a 12-month period in testing conducted by FIP or Anti-Doping             Organizations other than the National Association or its National Anti-Doping                     Organization. In such event the FIP may in its discretion elect to: (a) ban all officials         from that National Association for participation in any FIP activities for a period of up to     two years and/or (b) fine the National Association in an amount up to $2,000 U.S.             Dollars. (For purposes of this Rule, any fine paid pursuant to Rule
12.3.2 shall be credited against any fine assessed.) 12.3.2 If more than one Athlete         from a National Association commits an Anti-Doping Rule violation during an                     International Event. In such event FIP may fine that National Association in an amount     up to $1,000 U.S. Dollars.
12.3.3 A National Association has failed to make diligent efforts to keep FIP informed         about an Athlete’s whereabouts after receiving a request for that information from FIP.     In such event FIP may fine the National Association in an amount up to $500 U.S.             Dollars per Athlete in addition to all of FIP costs incurred in Testing that National             Association’s Athletes.

ARTICLE 13: APPEALS

13.1 Decisions Subject to Appeal Decisions made under these Anti-Doping Rules may be appealed as set forth below in Article 13.2 through 13.4. Such decisions shall remain in effect while under appeal unless the appellate body orders otherwise. Before an appeal is commenced, any post-decision review authorized in Article [8.7] [8.2.7] must be exhausted.

13.2 Appeals from Decisions Regarding Anti-Doping Rule Violations, Consequences, and Provisional Suspensions A decision that an anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision imposing Consequences for an anti-doping rule violation, a decision that no anti-doping rule violation was committed, a decision that the FIP or its National Association lacks jurisdiction to rule on an alleged anti-doping rule violation or its Consequences, may be appealed exclusively as provided in this Article 13.2. Notwithstanding any other provision herein, the only Person that may appeal from a Provisional Suspension is the Athlete upon whom the Provisional Suspension is imposed.
13.2.1 In cases arising from competition in an International Event or in cases involving     International-Level Athletes, the decision may be appealed exclusively to the Court of         Arbitration for Sport (”CAS”) in accordance with the provisions applicable before such         court.
13.2.2 In cases involving Athletes that do not have a right to appeal under Article             13.2.1, each National Association shall have in place an appeal procedure that respects     the following principles: a timely hearing, a fair and impartial hearing body; the right to     be represented by a counsel at the person’s expense; and a timely, written, reasoned     decision. FIP’s rights of appeal with respect to these cases are set forth in Article 13.2.3     below.
13.2.3 In cases under Article 13.2.1, the following parties shall have the right to appeal     to CAS: (a) the Athlete who is the subject of the decision being appealed; (b) the             other party to the case in which the decision was rendered; (c) FIP and any other             Anti-Doping Organization under whose rules a sanction could have been imposed; (d)     the International Olympic Committee or InternationalParalympic Committee, as                 applicable, where the decision may have an effect in relation to the Olympic Games or         Paralympic Games, including decisions affecting eligibility for the Olympic Games or             Paralympic Games; and (e) WADA. In cases under Article 13.2.2, the parties having the     right to appeal to the national-level reviewing body shall be as provided in the National     Association’s rules but, at a minimum, shall include: (a) the Athlete who is the subject     of the decision being appealed; (b) the other party to the case in which the decision         was rendered; (c) FIP; and (d) WADA. For cases under Article 13.2.2, WADA and FIP         shall also have the right to appeal to CAS with respect to the decision of the                     national-level reviewing body.

13.3 Appeals from Decisions Granting or Denying a Therapeutic Use Exemption
Decisions by WADA reversing the grant or denial of a TUE exemption may be appealed exclusively to CAS by the Athlete, FIP, or National Anti-Doping Organization or other body designated by a National Association which granted or denied the exemption. Decisions to deny therapeutic use exemptions, and which are not reversed by WADA, may be appealed by International-Level Athletes to CAS and by other Athletes to the national level reviewing body described in Article 13.2.2. If the national level reviewing body reverses the decision to deny a therapeutic use exemption, that decision may be appealed to CAS by WADA.

13.4 Appeal from Decisions Pursuant to Article 12 Decisions by FIP pursuant to Article 12 may be appealed exclusively to CAS by the National Association.

13.5 Time for Filing Appeals The time to file an appeal to CAS shall be twenty-one (21) days from the date of receipt of the decision by the appealing party. The above notwithstanding, the following shall apply in connection with appeals filed by a party entitled to appeal but which was not a party to the proceedings having lead to the decision subject to appeal: a) Within ten (10) days from notice of the decision, such party/ies shall have the right to request from the body having issued the decision a copy of the file on which such body relied; b) If such a request is made within the ten-day period, then the party making such request shall have twenty-one (21) days from receipt of the file to file an appeal to CAS.

ARTICLE 14: NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS INCORPORATION OF FIP RULES, REPORTING, AND RECOGNITION

14.1 Incorporation of FIP Anti-Doping Rules All National Associations shall comply with these Anti-Doping Rules. These Anti-Doping Rules shall also be incorporated either directly or by reference into each National Associations Rules. All National Associations shall include in their regulations the procedural rules necessary to effectively implement these Anti-Doping Rules. Each National Association shall obtain the written acknowledgement and agreement, in the form attached as Appendix 1, of all Athletes subject to Doping Control and Athlete Support Personnel for such Athletes. Notwithstanding whether or not the required form has been signed, the Rules of each National Association shall specifically provide that all Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and other Persons under the jurisdiction of the National Association shall be bound by these Anti-Doping Rules.

14.2 Public Disclosure
Neither FIP nor its National Association shall publicly identify Athletes whose Samples have resulted in Adverse Analytical Findings, or who were alleged to have violated other Articles of these Anti-Doping Rules until it has been determined in a hearing in accordance with Article 8 that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred, or such hearing has been waived, or the assertion of an anti-doping rule violation has not been timely challenged or the Athlete has been Provisionally Suspended. Once a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules has been established, it shall be publicly reported within 20 days.

14.3 Recognition of Decisions by FIP and National Associations
Any decision of FIP or a National Association regarding a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules shall be recognized by all National Associations, which shall take all necessary action to render such results effective.

ARTICLE 15: RECOGNITION OF DECISIONS BY OTHER ORGANISATIONS

Subject to the right to appeal provided in Article 13, the Testing, therapeutic use exemptions and hearing results or other final adjudications of any Signatory to the Code which are consistent with the Code and are within the Signatory’s authority, shall be recognized and respected by FIP and its National Associations. FIP and its National Associations may recognize the same actions of other bodies which have not accepted the Code if the rules of those bodies are otherwise consistent with the Code.

ARTICLE 16: STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS

No action may be commenced under these Anti-Doping Rules against an Athlete for a violation of an anti-doping rule contained in these Anti-Doping Rules unless such action is commenced within eight years from the date the violation occurred.

ARTICLE 17: FIP COMPLIANCE REPORTS TO WADA FIP

will report to WADA on FIP’s compliance with the Code every three years and shall explain reasons for any noncompliance.

ARTICLE 18: AMENDMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-DOPING RULES

18.1 These Anti-Doping Rules may be amended from time to time by the FIP Council.

18.2 Except as provided in Article 18.5, these Anti-Doping Rules shall be interpreted as an independent and autonomous text and not by reference to existing law or statutes.

18.3 The headings used for the various Parts and Articles of these Anti-Doping Rules are for convenience only and shall not be deemed part of the substance of these Anti-Doping Rules or to affect in any way the language of the provisions to which they refer.

18.4 The INTRODUCTION and the APPENDIX I DEFINITIONS shall be considered integral parts of these Anti-Doping Rules.

18.5 These Anti-Doping Rules have been adopted pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Code and shall be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with applicable provisions of the Code. The comments annotating various provisions of the Code may, where applicable, assist in the understanding and interpretation of these Anti-Doping Rules.

18.6 Notice to an Athlete who is a member of a National Association may be accomplished by delivery of the notice to the National Association.

18.7 These Anti-Doping Rules shall not apply retrospectively to matters pending before the date these Anti-Doping Rules came into effect.
APPENDIX 1 - DEFINITIONS

Adverse Analytical Finding. A report from a laboratory or other approved Testing entity that identifies in a Specimen the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.

Anti-Doping Organization. A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, InterNational Associations, and National Anti-Doping Organizations.

Athlete. For purposes of Doping Control, Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel , any Person who participates in sport at the international level (as defined by each National Association) or national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization) and any additional Person who participates in sport at a lower level if designated by the Person’s National Anti-Doping Organization. For purposes of anti-doping information and education, any Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other sports organization accepting the Code.

Athlete Support Personnel. Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical or para-medical personnel working with or treating Athletes participating in or preparing for sports competition.

Attempt. Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the Committee of an anti-doping rule violation. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renunciates the attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.

Code. The World Anti-Doping Code.

Competition. A single race, match, game or singular athletic contest. For example, the finals of the Olympic 100-meter dash. For stage races and other athletic contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable InterNational Association.

Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations. An Athlete’s ’s violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete is barred for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.9; [and (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing).]

Disqualification. See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.

Doping Control. The process including test distribution planning, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, results management, hearings and appeals.

Event. A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, FINA World Championships, or Pan American Games).

In-Competition. For purposes of differentiating between In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing, unless provided otherwise in the rules of an InterNational Association or other relevant Anti-Doping Organization, an In-Competition test is a test where an Athlete is selected for testing in connection with a specific Competition.

Independent Observer Program. A team of observers, under the supervision of WADA, who observe the Doping Control process at certain Events and report on observations. If WADA is testing In-Competition at an Event, the observers shall be supervised by an independent organization.

Ineligibility. See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations above.
International Event. An Event where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an InterNational Association, a Major Event Organization, or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.

International-Level Athlete. Athletes designated by one or more InterNational Associations as being within the Registered Testing Pool for an InterNational Association.

International Standard. A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.

Major Event Organizations. This term refers to the continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi-sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event.

Marker. A compound, group of compounds or biological parameters that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

Metabolite. Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.

Minor. A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as established by the applicable laws of his or her country of residence.

National Anti-Doping Organization. The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee.

National Event. A sport Event involving international or national-level Athletes that is not an International Event.

National Association. A national which is a Full Member of FIP as the entity governing the sport of polo in that nation or region.

National Olympic Committee. The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical
National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti-doping area.

No Advance Notice. A Doping Control which takes place with no advance warning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through Sample provision.

No Fault or Negligence. The Athlete’s establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

No Significant Fault or Negligence. The Athlete’s establishing that his or her fault or negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in relationship to the anti-doping rule violation.

Out-of-Competition. Any Doping Control which is not In-Competition. Participant. Any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel. Person. A natural Person or an organization or other entity.

Possession. The actual, physical possession, or the constructive possession (which shall be found only if the person has exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists); provided, however, that if the person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance/Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance/Method exists, constructive possession shall only be found if the person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance/Method and intended to exercise control over it. Provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation based solely on possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an anti-doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person no longer intends to have Possession and has renounced the Person’s previous Possession.

Prohibited List. The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.

Prohibited Method. Any method so described on the Prohibited List.

Prohibited Substance. Any substance so described on the Prohibited List.

Provisional Hearing. For purposes of Article 7.5, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 (Right to a Fair Hearing) that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form. Provisional Suspension. See Consequences above.

Publicly Disclose or Publicly Report. To disseminate or distribute information to the general public or persons beyond those persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14.

Registered Testing Pool. The pool of top level Athletes established separately by each InterNational Association and National Anti-Doping Organization who are subject to both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that InterNational Association’s or Organization’s test distribution plan.

Sample/Specimen. Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.

Signatories. Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code, including the International Olympic Committee, InterNational Associations, International Paralympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, National Paralympic Committees, Major Event Organizations, National Anti-Doping Organizations, and WADA.

Tampering. Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way; bringing improper influence to bear; interfering improperly to alter results or prevent normal procedures from occurring.

Target Testing. Selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Athletes or groups of Athletes are selected on a non-random basis for Testing at a specified time.

Team Sport. A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition.

Testing. The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.

Trafficking. To sell, give, administer, transport, send, deliver or distribute a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method to an Athlete either directly or through one or more third parties, but excluding the sale or distribution (by medical personnel or by Persons other than an Athlete’s Support Personnel) of a Prohibited Substance for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes.

Use. The application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

WADA. The World Anti-Doping Agency.